Common Network Examples

To avoid affecting real-world services and devices, several domain names, IP addresses, and email addresses are reserved by RFCs for use in documentation and examples. This page summarizes the most common ones.

Domain Names

Name Purpose
example.com For documentation and examples
example.net For documentation and examples
example.org For documentation and examples
localhost Represents the local host
.example Example TLD
.test Testing
.invalid Invalid domain name
.localhost Reserved for localhost

IPv4

Range Purpose
192.0.2.0/24 TEST-NET-1 (Documentation)
198.51.100.0/24 TEST-NET-2 (Documentation)
203.0.113.0/24 TEST-NET-3 (Documentation)
127.0.0.1 localhost
10.0.0.0/8 Private network
172.16.0.0/12 Private network
192.168.0.0/16 Private network
169.254.0.0/16 Link-local
100.64.0.0/10 CGNAT
0.0.0.0 Unspecified address
255.255.255.255 Broadcast address

IPv6

Range Purpose
::1 localhost
2001:db8::/32 Documentation
fe80::/10 Link-local
fc00::/7 Unique Local Address (ULA)

Email Addresses

user@example.com
admin@example.com
info@example.com

Common URLs

https://example.com/
https://example.org/
https://example.net/
http://localhost/
http://127.0.0.1/

Major RFCs